Can our schemas lead us astray or be false? What is an important characteristic of group therapy? b. axons. 2.2.3.1. Divorce or the death of a spouse can lead to anxiety disorders. 165. Therapists who often deliberately frustrate and challenge their clients, and who often use role-playing and a here and now orientation, are _____ therapists. Check out the figure below for how these contingencies are arranged. Did it start again and your parents could not figure out why? During a meeting, Shondas manager asks her to free associate about her coworkers performance. c. Existentialists believe that research dehumanizes individuals by reducing them to test measures. Brainscape helps you realize your greatest personal and professional ambitions through strong habits and hyper-efficient studying. Racial, ethnic, and cultural factors are also relevant to understanding the development and course of mental illness. Still, Sigmund Freud developed useful therapeutic tools for clinicians and raised awareness about the role the unconscious plays in both normal and abnormal behavior. a. sociocultural b. biological c. cognitive d. demonological, 4. 122. That is why a person inherits a susceptibility to a mental illness and doesnt necessarily develop the illness. became involved in the German Feminist movement, and in 1904 founded the League of Jewish Women. It is most likely that his psychotherapist is a ____ therapist. Each paradigm focuses mainly on one aspect of human functioning. The four main models to explain psychological abnormality are the biological, behavioural, cognitive, and psychodynamic models. The hope is that the client will engage in self-examination with acceptance and honesty. 157. A theorist who takes an evolutionary perspective on abnormal behavior would MOST likely agree that: at one time what is now often labeled abnormal behavior actually helped humans survive. Elevated levels of this hormone can lead to several problems, including increased weight gain, interference with learning and memory, reduced bone density, high cholesterol, and an increased risk of depression. d. They are unconscious and, therefore, not a factor in conscious experience. They act as the instructions to make proteins, and it is estimated by the Human Genome Project that we have between 20,000 and 25,000 genes. According to the behaviorists, disordered behavior is a result of _____________. In terms of operant conditioning, strategies include antecedent manipulations, prompts, punishment procedures, differential reinforcement, habit reversal, shaping, and programming. 2.3.1.5. 57. Overgeneralizing You see a larger pattern of negatives based on one event. Since that time, I've never been able to swim in a lake. She is constantly looking to friends and family members for help with these decisions and gets anxious when she has to decide alone. The second major CBT strategy is called cognitive coping skills training. a. Perls. d. people can inherit physical but not mental capacities. 128. a. behavioral b. sociocultural c. psychodynamic d. humanistic-existential, 6. During a therapy session, a client is told to pretend the therapist is her parent and to tell her "parent" why she is angry. Choose one answer. When we try to establish how abnormality develops, we need to consider how individuals deal with the meaning of life and with the value they find in living. The antenna-like extensions located at one end of the neuron are called: a. glia. It went through three major stages behaviorism proper under Watson and lasting from 1913-1930 (discussed as classical/respondent conditioning), neobehaviorism under Skinner and lasting from 1930-1960 (discussed as operant conditioning), and sociobehaviorism under Bandura and Rotter and lasting from 1960-1990 (discussed as social learning theory). Which is an example of a biological treatment for this condition? b. biological forces, culture, and learning. A psychodynamic therapist would consider this an example of: A patient's initial reaction to being told she has a sexually transmitted infection (STI) is to insist that the nurse made a mistake with the test. Therapists who often deliberately frustrate and challenge their clients, and who often use role-playing and a "here and now" orientation, are _____ therapists. There were times when something bit my foot while I was swimming, but I didn't get hurt at all. The answer is yes, and one of two outcomes is possible. b. Least difficult situations are handled first, followed by more difficult situations, all while rehearsing and mastering all the situations present in the hierarchy. Which of the following is a reason for which little controlled research has been devoted to the effectiveness of existential therapy? If a behavior is not memorable, it will not be imitated. The sociocultural model of abnormality focuses on all of these factors EXCEPT: Greshka spilled iced coffee on her shirt while sitting in the park. For more on the role of genes in the development of mental illness, check out this article from Psychology Today: https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/saving-normal/201604/what-you-need-know-about-the-genetics-mental-disorders. We will cover this process in three parts. A cognitive-behavioral therapist would MOST likely recommend: Dont worry. 77. They are sexual in nature. Abnormal behavior arises when we avoid making choices, do not take responsibility, and fail to actualize our full potential. Describe observational learning and modeling. A patient has social anxiety disorder. d. catharsis. A psychodynamic therapist would consider this an example of: a. catharsis. Learning has two main forms associative learning and observational learning. c. This model focuses on abstract issues of human fulfillment. c. psychoanalytic theory. d. classical conditioning. Conditioning, or a type of associative learning, occurs when two separate events become connected. The defense mechanism that BEST explains this behavior is: a. intellectualization. This is a physical aspect of what disease? This might even affect how you interact with them. Research on the relationship between religious beliefs and psychological health shows that people: a. without any religious belief are the healthiest. b. existential. c. the conscious mind. However, keep in mind that we do not model everything we see. Which of the following is NOT a weakness of the biological model of abnormal behavior? Right before his death, Skinner (1990) reminded psychologists that the only thing we can truly know and study was the observable. d. indicator of psychological conflict. d. countertransference. c. irrational patterns of thinking. According to psychoanalysts, if a patient relives past repressed feelings, that patient is said to have experienced: a. repression. 41. c. primary process thought. Consider the following: In relation to men: While mental illnesses affect both men and women, the prevalence of mental illnesses in men is often lower than women. We can also ask the patient probing questions, seek information from family members, examine medical records, and in time, organize and process all this information to better understand the persons condition and potential causes. We must try to convert what we see into action. Key features of the perspective include a belief in human perfectibility, personal fulfillment, valuing self-disclosure, placing feelings over intellect, an emphasis on the present, and hedonism. Outline operant conditioning and the work of Thorndike and Skinner. The axon terminals are the end of the axon where the electrical impulse becomes a chemical message and passes to an adjacent neuron. b. neurosis. These two cases demonstrate what principle of developmental psychopathology? 144. They also focus on life-enhancing experiences like relationships, love, caring, commitment, courage, creativity, power, will, presence, spirituality, individuation, self-actualization, authenticity, acceptance, transcendence, and awe. For more information, please visit: https://www.psychologytoday.com/therapy-types/existential-therapy. b. resistance. 69. This is called the. a. very small; selectively b. large; selectively c. large; openly d. small; openly, 142. Respondent conditioning. Dichotomous thinking Viewing people or events in all-or-nothing terms. c. result of childhood trauma. Chapters 1,2,3,&4 Test Jeopardy Template 103. b. give insightful interpretations of the clients statements. Content that was turned away was said to be repressed. Asking yourself what if something happens, without being satisfied by any of the answers. This is called the, Step 5 After a short time, the neuron can fire again, but needs greater than normal levels of stimulation to do so. d. A girl is anxious about giving a speech in front of her class. d. a severe disorder and who has not responded to any other therapies over years of treatment. For communication, decide if the problem is related to speaking, listening, or both and then develop a plan for use in various interpersonal situations. Second, observational learning occurs when we learn by observing the world around us. 37. The biological model of psychology says that psychological disorders are caused by biological problems. The brain. A psychologist believes that all dysfunctional behavior is due to past experiences, and that no symptom or behavior is accidental. If you believe focusing on a problem generates a solution, then write down each time you ruminate and the result. During the time-out, no one interacts with the child. 2.3.2.5. Bertha (Anna O.) Continuous or partial? A feminist therapist would MOST likely focus on: a. a womans personal responsibility for her own situation. If this is true, how can we know anything about controversial matters? Multidimensional Approaches to Understanding Mental Illness | Abnormal What is that factor? c. replace problematic behaviors with more appropriate ones. This therapist is MOST likely a(n) _____ therapist. Freuds psychodynamic theory made a lasting impact on the field of psychology but also has been criticized heavily. d. disengagement. Outline observational learning/social-learning theory and the work of Bandura. c. ego. The self-actualization motive plays an important part in human functioning, according to: A therapist who describes her client as someone who has yet to fulfill his or her full potential, rather than as someone with a disorder, is MOST likely what kind of theorist? To do this, the client must be aware of the distressing thoughts, when they occur, and their effect on them. 115. Evaluate the usefulness of the biological model. b. In the business setting, a model or trainer demonstrates how to use a computer program or run a register for a new employee. Models aid us with doing all of this. d. who are not religious cope better with life stressors such as war and illness. Cultural factors might create a climate favorable for the development of certain disorders. 24. d. early life experiences shape one's later behavior. The _____ operates in accord with the pleasure principle. Operant conditioning. This is an example of behavior modification using: b. cognitive-behavioral. The results of this study led him to conclude that _____ greatly affects mental illness. 35. David Rosenhan sent pseudopatients to a mental hospital, where they pretended to be disturbed. Possible side effects include loss of appetite, headache, motor or verbal tics, and personality changes such as appearing emotionless. Behaviorism is the school of thought associated with learning that began in 1913 with the publication of John B. Watsons article, Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It, in the journal Psychological Review (Watson, 1913). The book published several case studies, including that of Anna O., born February 27, 1859 in Vienna to Jewish parents Siegmund and Recha Pappenheim, strict Orthodox adherents who were considered millionaires at the time. d. This model requires the therapist to predict abnormal behavior in individuals. In Module 2, we first distinguished uni- and multi-dimensional models of abnormality and made a case that the latter was better to subscribe to. Our life instincts, or Eros, are manifested through it and are the creative forces that sustain life. d. behavioral. Also of importance to the neuron is the myelin sheath or the white, fatty covering which: 1) provides insulation so that signals from adjacent neurons do not affect one another and, 2) increases the speed at which signals are transmitted. d. flight of ideas. Masons parents always pay special attention to him when he takes toys from his little sister.