4. (21) Die setter means an individual who places or removes dies in or from mechanical power presses, and who, as a part of his duties, makes the necessary adjustments to cause the tooling to function properly and safely. 1910.163 Fixed extinguishing systems, water spray and foam. All metal should be free from burrs and sharp edges. Surface Feet per minute .262 12 1,000 = 3,144 s.f.p.m. Guarding friction drives. (ii) Fixed or permanent lead pot installations shall be exhausted. (B) Counterbalances shall be adjusted in accordance with the press manufacturer's recommendations to assure correct counterbalancing of the slide attachment (upper die) weight for all operations performed on presses used in the PSDI mode. These tests shall specify the acceptable tolerance band sufficient to assure that tolerance build-up will not render the safety distance unsafe. round belts one-half (12) inch or less in diameter; and. (See Figures O-14 and O-15. Vertical and inclined shafting seven (7) feet or less from floor or working platform, excepting maintenance runways, shall be enclosed with a stationary casing in accordance with requirements of paragraphs (m) and (o) of this section. (4) Tongs. (2) The opening in the table shall be kept as small as possible. 9. (d) As used in 1910.217, unless the context clearly requires otherwise, the following power press terms shall have the meaning prescribed in this paragraph. (iii) Portable units shall be used only in areas where good, general room ventilation is provided. (ii) In powerplants or power-development rooms, a guardrail may be used in lieu of the guard required by subdivision (i) of this subparagraph. (56) Turnover bar means a bar used in die setting to manually turn the crankshaft of the press. The maximum angular exposure of the grinding wheel periphery and sides for safety guards used on cutting-off machines and on surface grinding machines which employ the wheel periphery shall not exceed 150. Certification/Validation Program Level of Risk Evaluation Requirements. Preliminary disapproval. (4) Shot blast. The hood shall be so mounted as to insure that its operation will be positive, reliable, and in true alignment with the saw; and the mounting shall be adequate in strength to resist any reasonable side thrust or other force tending to throw it out of line. (i) A two-hand trip shall have the individual operator's hand controls protected against unintentional operation and have the individual operator's hand controls arranged by design and construction and/or separation to require the use of both hands to trip the press and use a control arrangement requiring concurrent operation of the individual operator's hand controls. (1) Each swing cutoff saw shall be provided with a hood that will completely enclose the upper half of the saw, the arbor end, and the point of operation at all positions of the saw. (i) Tight and loose pulleys on all new installations made on or after August 31, 1971, shall be equipped with a permanent belt shifter provided with mechanical means to prevent belt from creeping from loose to tight pulley. The safety system provision continues the concept of paragraph (b)(13) that the probability of two independent failures in the length of time required to make one press cycle is so remote as to be a negligible risk factor in the total array of equipment and human factors. (3) The top of the cutting chain and driving mechanism shall be enclosed. (8) Die handling. (ii) Spring counterbalances when used shall have the capability to hold the slide and its attachments at midstroke, without brake applied. It is recommended that old installations be changed to conform to this rule. (36) Adjustable barrier guard means a barrier requiring adjustment for each job or die setup. b. Revision of application. The recognition of each validation organization will be valid for five years, unless terminated before or renewed after the expiration of the period. a. Hangers. (2) Hydraulic forging presses. (ii) Inclined and vertical shafts, particularly inclined idler shafts, shall be securely held in position against endwise thrust. (2) On machines driven by belts and shafting, a locking-type belt shifter or an equivalent positive device shall be used. (ii) Type 27 and Type 28 wheels, because of their shape and usage, require specially designed adaptors. Cranks and connecting rods, when exposed to contact, shall be guarded in accordance with paragraphs (m) and (n) of this section, or by a guardrail as described in paragraph (o)(5) of this section. It is expected that the brake monitor adjustment normally could be evaluated on the basis of the effect on the safety system certification/validation documentation retained by the validation organization. (ii) Two-hand trip systems on full revolution clutch machines shall incorporate an antirepeat feature. Die keys and shims shall be made from a grade of material that will not unduly crack or splinter. Such stresses shall not so affect the control system as to cause unsafe operation. No extra microswitches or interlocking sensors would be required. The materials and dimensions specified in this paragraph shall apply to all guards, except horizontal overhead belts, rope, cable, or chain guards more than seven (7) feet above floor, or platform. means the distance in feet any one abrasive grain on the peripheral surface of a grinding wheel travels in 1 minute. Emergency Stop Pull-Cords - Machinery Safety 101 Flywheels located so that any part is seven (7) feet or less above floor or platform shall be guarded in accordance with the requirements of this subparagraph: (i) With an enclosure of sheet, perforated, or expanded metal, or woven wire; (ii) With guard rails placed not less than fifteen (15) inches nor more than twenty (20) inches from rim. Mills and calenders in the rubber and plastics industries. The validation organization's validating laboratory shall have available all testing facilities and necessary test and inspection equipment relevant to the validation of the certification of PSDI safety systems, installations and operations. 1910.1029 Coke oven emissions. Each recognized third-party validation organization and its validating laboratories shall: 1. Blanking of the sensing field is not permitted. "Employers want to make sure their equipment is safe to operate," says McCullough. It is recommended that old installations be changed to conform to this rule. [39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974, as amended at 43 FR 49750, Oct. 24, 1978; 49 FR 5323, Feb. 10, 1984; 61 FR 9240, Mar. A separate set of restraints shall be provided for each operator if more than one operator is required on a press. single strand V-belts, the width of which is thirteen thirty-seconds (1332) inch or less. Installed in the front and in the back of each mill and located within 2 inches of a vertical plane tangent to the front and rear rolls. It shall be the responsibility of the employer to maintain all forge shop equipment in a condition which will insure continued safe operation. Diamond and reinforced wheels are included. The maximum angular exposure above the horizontal plane of the wheel spindle as specified in paragraphs (b) (3) and (4) of this section shall never be exceeded, and the distance between the wheel periphery and the adjustable tongue or the end of the peripheral member at the top shall never exceed one-fourth inch. It is necessary to maintain clearance between the wheel side and the guard. Gears shall be guarded in accordance with one of the following methods: Hand-operated gears. The certification/validation report shall include the following: b. Where suspended counterweights are used and not guarded by location, they shall be so encased as to prevent accident. (iii) Paragraph (e)(1)(ii) of this section does not apply to presses that comply with paragraphs (b)(13) and (14) of this section. Background and more details are available in the The validation organization shall notify the appropriate product manufacturer(s) of any reports from employers of point of operation injuries which occur while a press is operated in a PSDI mode. will also bring you to search results. (9) Continuous means uninterrupted multiple strokes of the slide without intervening stops (or other clutch control action) at the end of individual strokes. (i) Mechanical power presses used in the PSDI mode shall be operated under the control of a safety system which, in addition to meeting the applicable requirements of paragraphs (b)(13) and (c)(5) and other applicable provisions of this section, shall function such that a single failure or single operating error shall not cause injury to personnel from point of operation hazards. (3) Auxiliary equipment. When mounting wheels which have not been cemented together, or ones which do not utilize separating spacers, care must be exercised to use wheels specially manufactured for that purpose. 7, 1996]. The emphasis is on an integrated total system including all elements affecting point of operation safety. (3) Broken pulleys. 1910.212 General requirements for all machines. A controlled clearance between the wheel hole and the machine spindle (or wheel sleeves or adaptors) is essential to avoid excessive pressure from mounting and spindle expansion. a. Annually, or after a change specified in paragraph 1., the employer shall inspect and recertify the installation as meeting the requirements set forth under B., Installation Certification/Validation. Overhead rope drive and block and roller-chain-drive guards shall be not less than six (6) inches wider than the drive on each side. (9) Prime movers include steam, gas, oil, and air engines, motors, steam and hydraulic turbines, and other equipment used as a source of power. a. Pulleys with cracks, or pieces broken out of rims, shall not be used. (5) Saw frames or tables shall be constructed with lugs cast on the frame or with an equivalent means to limit the size of the saw blade that can be mounted, so as to avoid overspeed caused by mounting a saw larger than intended. Certification/validation by similarity analysis reports should identify, in addition to the above, application of the part, component or subsystem for which certification/validation is being sought as well as data from previous usage establishing adequacy of the item. For the purpose of demonstrating compliance with the reaction time required by 1910.217(h), the tests shall use the following definitions and requirements: a. (4) Where an exhaust system is used, the guard shall form part or all of the exhaust hood and shall be constructed of metal of a thickness not less than that specified in subparagraph (3) of this paragraph. Showing movable guard with size of opening correct for full size wheel but too large for smaller wheels. 1910.142 Temporary labor camps. Table O-1 - Minimum Basic Thickness for Peripheral and Side Members for Safety Guards Used With Cutting-Off Wheels, Table O-3 - Guide for Construction of Band Type Guards, Table O-5 - Minimum Dimensions for Straight Adaptor Flange - for Organic Bonded Wheels Over 114 Inches Thick1. This is in addition to the report of injury required by paragraph (g) of this section; however, a copy of that report may be used for this purpose. 1910.509Incorporation by reference. (11) Band type guards - general specifications. They shall operate readily when pushed or pulled. (vii) Material handling equipment shall be of adequate strength, size, and dimension to handle diesetting operations safely. The manufacturer shall design a test(s) to establish the hand tool extension diameters allowed for variations in minimum object sensitivity response. The driving point of all friction drives when exposed to contact shall be guarded, all arm or spoke friction drives and all web friction drives with holes in the web shall be entirely enclosed, and all projecting belts on friction drives where exposed to contact shall be guarded. Such stopping distances shall be subject to engineering determination. (1) Each circular crosscut table saw shall be guarded by a hood which shall meet all the requirements of paragraph (c)(1) of this section for hoods for circular ripsaws. By a band guard covering the face of gear and having flanges extended inward beyond the root of the teeth on the exposed side or sides. d. The applicant shall identify the test methods it or the validating laboratory will use to test or judge the components and operations of the PSDI safety system required to be tested by the PSDI standard and appendix A, and shall specify the reasons the test methods are appropriate. The documentation shall include, but not be limited to, the following items: a. (25) Face of slide means the bottom surface of the slide to which the punch or upper die is generally attached. b. (i) A suitable enclosure shall be provided to prevent damaged or detached boards from falling. (46) Press means a mechanically powered machine that shears, punches, forms or assembles metal or other material by means of cutting, shaping, or combination dies attached to slides. Learn more about the eCFR, its status, and the editorial process. This checklist covers regulations issued by the U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) under the general industry standard 29 CFR 1910.23. 1910.179 Overhead and gantry cranes. Shall have legal authority to perform the validation of certification; 2. b. (vi) The adjustable barrier guard shall be securely attached to the press bed, bolster plate, or die shoe, and shall be adjusted and operated in conformity with Table O-10 and the requirements of this subparagraph. tensile strength 60,000 p.s.i.). Agree to terms and conditions established by OSHA in the grant of recognition on matters such as exchange of data, submission of accident reports, and assistance in studies for improving PSDI or the certification/validation process. It would not be necessary to repeat the tests on individual safety systems of the same manufacture or design. The recognition of any validation organization will be evidenced by a letter of recognition from OSHA. of this appendix or may request that the original application be submitted to the Assistant Secretary with a statement of reasons supplied by the applicant as to why the application should be approved. Upon request, the employer must make available to that office all tests and analyses for OSHA review. Nonmandatory supplementary information and guidelines relating to certification/validation of the PSDI safety system are provided to appendix B to this standard. (A) Presence sensing devices used as supplemental safeguarding shall not initiate a press stroke, and shall conform to the requirements of paragraph (c)(3)(iii) and other applicable provisions of this section, except that the safety distance shall comply with paragraph (h)(9)(v) of this section. (3) Each tenoning machine shall have all cutting heads, and saws if used, covered by metal guards. The stop control shall override any other control, and reactuation of the clutch shall require use of the operating (tripping) means which has been selected. (b) The performance of combined subsystems meets OSHA's operational requirements. 1 Note: Must be large enough to extend beyond the bushing. (57) Two-hand trip means a clutch actuating means requiring the concurrent use of both hands of the operator to trip the press. [Reserved], https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-29/subtitle-B/chapter-XVII/part-1910/subpart-O. (5) Universal joints on spindles of boring machines shall be completely enclosed in such a way as to prevent accidental contact by the operator. Control components shall be selected, constructed, and connected together in such a way as to withstand expected operational and environmental stresses, at least including those outlined in appendix A. In addition, General Industry applications must adhere to OSHA regulations for Ladder Safety 1910.23 (if applicable) and Walking-Working Surfaces 1910.28. (3) Belt perches. Wherever flywheels are above working areas, guards shall be installed having sufficient strength to hold the weight of the flywheel in the event of a shaft or wheel mounting failure. The tripwire cable or wire center cord shall operate readily whether cable or cord is pushed or pulled. Collars. 1910.309-1910.330 [Reserved], 1910.331 Scope. 1910.266 Logging operations. (14) Operators shall not ride the carriage of a veneer slicer. (c) As used in 1910.216, unless the context clearly requires otherwise, the following mills and calenders in the rubber and plastic industries terms shall have the meanings prescribed in this paragraph. (iv) An interlocked press barrier guard shall be attached to the press frame or bolster and shall be interlocked with the press clutch control so that the clutch cannot be activated unless the guard itself, or the hinged or movable sections of the guard are in position to conform to the requirements of Table O-10. The safety factor and/or derated percentage shall be specifically noted and complied with. Similarity analysis should not be accepted when the internal and external stresses on the item being certified/validated are not defined. 1910.141 Sanitation. (i) Any press equipped with presence sensing devices for use in PSDI, or for supplemental safeguarding on presses used in the PSDI mode, shall be equipped with a test rod of diameter specified by the presence sensing device manufacturer to represent the minimum object sensitivity of the sensing field. This type, however, differs from Type 5 in that the grinding is performed on the wall of the abrasive created by the difference between the diameter of the recess and the outside diameter of the wheel. of this appendix, subject to the possible reinspection exception. They move large amounts of materials quickly and safely. The use of belt poles as substitutes for mechanical shifters is not recommended. Suspended counterbalanced tighteners and all parts thereof shall be of substantial construction and securely fastened; the bearings shall be securely capped. (iii) Types 16, 17, 18, 18R, and 19 cones, plugs, and threaded hole pot balls where the work offers protection. (1) Dull, badly set, improperly filed, or improperly tensioned saws shall be immediately removed from service, before they begin to cause the material to stick, jam, or kick back when it is fed to the saw at normal speed. The hood shall be made of adequate strength to resist blows and strains incidental to reasonable operation, adjusting, and handling, and shall be so designed as to protect the operator from flying splinters and broken saw teeth. The manufacturer shall evaluate and certify, and the OSHA-recognized third-party validation organization shall validate, the design and operation of the safety system by determining conformance with the following: a. Pulleys shall be kept in proper alignment to prevent belts from running off. OSHA Catwalk Requirements: Width, Load & Handrail Standards - Lapeyre Stair (42) Liftout means the mechanism also known as knockout. (3) Work area. (iv) For flywheels with smooth rims five (5) feet or less in diameter, where the preceding methods cannot be applied, the following may be used: A disk attached to the flywheel in such manner as to cover the spokes of the wheel on the exposed side and present a smooth surface and edge, at the same time providing means for periodic inspection. (n) Planing, molding, sticking, and matching machines. If they sound cracked (dead), they shall not be used. (48) Safety block means a prop that, when inserted between the upper and lower dies or between the bolster plate and the face of the slide, prevents the slide from falling of its own deadweight. Where explosives, explosive dusts, flammable vapors or flammable liquids exist, the hazard of static sparks from shafting shall be carefully considered. (ii) furnish and enforce the use of hand tools for freeing and removing stuck work or scrap pieces from the die, so that no employee need reach into the point of operation for such purposes. All applications submitted will be accepted by OSHA, and their receipt acknowledged in writing. (6) Maintenance runway means any permanent runway or platform used for oiling, maintenance, running adjustment, or repair work, but not for passageway. contact the publishing agency. Such changes in operational conditions as die changes or press relocations not involving disassembly or revision to the safety system would not require recertification/revalidation.). (ii) A gate or movable barrier device shall protect the operator as follows: (a) A Type A gate or movable barrier device shall protect the operator in the manner specified in paragraph (c)(3)(i)(f) of this section, and. 1910.132 General requirements. (ii) The point of operation of machines whose operation exposes an employee to injury, shall be guarded. The guard shall be constructed of heavy material, preferably metal, and the edge of the guard shall come to within three-eighths inch of the plane formed by the inside face of the feed roll in contact with the stock being cut. (ii) Where speeds above 250 feet per minute as measured on the surface of the drive roll are used, stopping distances of more than 134 percent are permissible. (c) A separate pull-out device shall be provided for each operator if more than one operator is used on a press. (iii) Following a die change, the safety distance, the proper application of supplemental safeguarding, and the slide counterbalance adjustment (if the press is equipped with a counterbalance) shall be checked and maintained by authorized persons whose qualifications include knowledge of the safety distance, supplemental safeguarding requirements, and the manufacturer's specifications for counterbalance adjustment. The validation organization and/or validating laboratory shall have established written procedures for test and certification/validation of PSDI safety systems. (e) Cylinders, cup, or segmental wheels that are mounted in chucks. (f) As used in 1910.219, unless the context clearly requires otherwise, the following mechanical power-transmission guarding terms shall have the meaning prescribed in this paragraph. The OSHA-recognized third-party validation organization shall conduct tests, and/or review and evaluate the employer's installation, tests, documentation and representations. In addition when unthreaded hole wheels are specified the inside flat, K dimension, shall be large enough to accommodate a suitable flange. Public review and comment period. a. (4) Work rests. (i) Machines using full revolution clutches shall incorporate a single-stroke mechanism. broken springs). Hangers shall be inspected to make certain that all supporting bolts and screws are tight and that supports of hanger boxes are adjusted properly. Examples: board hammers and air-lift hammers. (5) Exposure of blades. Conduct or recertification/revalidation. 1910.4 Amendments to this part. In overhead silent chain-drive guards where the chain is held from lateral displacement on the sprockets, the side clearances required on drives of twenty (20) inch centers or under shall be not less than one-fourth inch from the nearest moving chain part, and on drives of over twenty (20) inch centers a minimum of one-half inch from the nearest moving chain part. Vertical belts running over a lower pulley more than seven (7) feet above floor or platform shall be guarded at the bottom in the same manner as horizontal overhead belts, if conditions are as stated in paragraphs (e)(2)(ii) (a) and (c) of this section. (7) High-energy-rate forging machines mean a class of forging equipment wherein high ram velocities resulting from the sudden release of a compressed gas against a free piston impart impact to the workpiece. (iii) Air-lift hammers shall be provided with two drain cocks: one on main head cylinder, and one on clamp cylinder. If the increase in press stopping time exceeds the brake monitor setting limit defined in paragraph (h)(5)(iii), the test shall be considered unsuccessful, and the cause of the excessive stopping time shall be investigated.